The uniqueness of identity – a myth or ?

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“The uniqueness of identity- a myth or ?” by Nurul Rahman is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 2.5 Australia License.

By nature, we desire to have connections with ˜something. It is a feeling of acceptance, to be part of someone, group, nation, country, culture, lifestyle, class and etc. People speak about where they come from, the custom they practice, the language they speak, their preferred kind of food, the style they adore, lifestyle and fashion, and sometimes the weather, depending on situation.

Through the discourse or through other communication mediums, people received perceptions and categories one from another. Others would perceive this information and categories one in a group one belongs to and give a name for it. Its what some people would describe as an identity. Gauntlett, David (1998) on Foucaults (1977) ideas on identity, people just wants to have ˜something, a reason to start a conversation. ˜It is a discourse.

However, can it be said that the notion of unique identity is emotionally attached, through elements such as icon, label, object, symbol, behavior, product and etc. This notion of uniqueness is powerful. It is powerfully built around the emotional connection of nostalgic memories, historical relations, personal interest and childhood experiences. It creates a sense of chivalry and injected patriotic spirit to the people that dwell in a country. Some would call it the spirit of nationalism. Others would describe it as singularity belief. Believing in ˜something that has an on going intimate relationship with oneself. Susan Stewart in her book ˜Longing wrote an interesting example in relation to people and their antiquities in england. Through the object, nationalism becomes romantic nationalism. ˜Between the time of Camden and the time of Victorian antiquatirians, nationalism became romantic nationalism in England, a venerations of pastoralism, decentralization, and a collective folk spirit.(Stewart 1993 pp143).

Another examples on people emotional attachment with objects and their connection with country is as Englishman Joseph Hunter explains, in the preface to his Antiquarian Notices of Lupset, the Heath, Sharston, and Ackton, in the Country of York (1851):

There are two sorts of countries that divide the face of the globe, new countries and old¦which of these two sorts of countries would a man reflection, a man of taste, a man whose heart beats with moral perceptions and feelings, a choose to dwell in?… I conceive it to be one of the advantages which the fortune of my birth reserved for me, that I was born in an old country¦I love to dwell in a country where, on whichever side I turn, I find some object connected with a heart-moving tale, or some scene where the deepest interests of a nation for ages to succeed have been strenuously agitated, and emphatically decided [Hunters ellipses].” (Hunter quoted in Stewart pp. 142)

What creates the intimates relations between the ‘object’ and people? How can the ‘object’ connect and become strongly attach to us? Is it the emotional connections between the people and ‘objects’, that creates the notion of uniqueness, describing, that the place where we dwelling is somehow different and unique?

˜Objectthat we collected have becomes part of our life, and live in our memories. Every time we see something similar in shape or color, or even a representation of it, somehow it could trigger the connection again.

These are some of the elements or ˜object that been used in the advertisements and some printed materials for the purpose of selling and communicating. The representation of the ˜object appeared again and it attracts people to relate it with their longed memories. The ˜objectcould be anything. It can be antiquities, behavior, nostalgia, glance of a narrative and etc. It is through the visual representation of these objects, we relates to our past. Perhaps, some object can takes us to a journey towards future. A vision, a dream or a myth!


David Gauntlett is Professor of Media and Communications at the School of Media, Arts and Design, University of Westminster. http://www.theory.org.uk/david/

See Objects of Desire, on Longing by Susan Stewart. Duke University Press 1993.

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“The uniqueness of identity- a myth or ?” by Nurul Rahman is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 2.5 Australia License.

By nature, we desire to have connections with ˜something. It is a feeling of acceptance, to be part of someone, group, nation, country, culture, lifestyle, class and etc. People speak about where they come from, the custom they practice, the language they speak, their preferred kind of food, the style they adore, lifestyle and fashion, and sometimes the weather, depending on situation.

Through the discourse or through other communication mediums, people received perceptions and categories one from another. Others would perceive this information and categories one in a group one belongs to and give a name for it. Its what some people would describe as an identity. Gauntlett, David (1998) on Foucaults (1977) ideas on identity, people just wants to have ˜something, a reason to start a conversation. ˜It is a discourse.

However, can it be said that the notion of unique identity is emotionally attached, through elements such as icon, label, object, symbol, behavior, product and etc. This notion of uniqueness is powerful. It is powerfully built around the emotional connection of nostalgic memories, historical relations, personal interest and childhood experiences. It creates a sense of chivalry and injected patriotic spirit to the people that dwell in a country. Some would call it the spirit of nationalism. Others would describe it as singularity belief. Believing in ˜something that has an on going intimate relationship with oneself. Susan Stewart in her book ˜Longing wrote an interesting example in relation to people and their antiquities in england. Through the object, nationalism becomes romantic nationalism. ˜Between the time of Camden and the time of Victorian antiquatirians, nationalism became romantic nationalism in England, a venerations of pastoralism, decentralization, and a collective folk spirit.(Stewart 1993 pp143).

Another examples on people emotional attachment with objects and their connection with country is as Englishman Joseph Hunter explains, in the preface to his Antiquarian Notices of Lupset, the Heath, Sharston, and Ackton, in the Country of York (1851):

There are two sorts of countries that divide the face of the globe, new countries and old¦which of these two sorts of countries would a man reflection, a man of taste, a man whose heart beats with moral perceptions and feelings, a choose to dwell in?… I conceive it to be one of the advantages which the fortune of my birth reserved for me, that I was born in an old country¦I love to dwell in a country where, on whichever side I turn, I find some object connected with a heart-moving tale, or some scene where the deepest interests of a nation for ages to succeed have been strenuously agitated, and emphatically decided [Hunters ellipses].” (Hunter quoted in Stewart pp. 142)

What creates the intimates relations between the ‘object’ and people? How can the ‘object’ connect and become strongly attach to us? Is it the emotional connections between the people and ‘objects’, that creates the notion of uniqueness, describing, that the place where we dwelling is somehow different and unique?

˜Objectthat we collected have becomes part of our life, and live in our memories. Every time we see something similar in shape or color, or even a representation of it, somehow it could trigger the connection again.

These are some of the elements or ˜object that been used in the advertisements and some printed materials for the purpose of selling and communicating. The representation of the ˜object appeared again and it attracts people to relate it with their longed memories. The ˜objectcould be anything. It can be antiquities, behavior, nostalgia, glance of a narrative and etc. It is through the visual representation of these objects, we relates to our past. Perhaps, some object can takes us to a journey towards future. A vision, a dream or a myth!


David Gauntlett is Professor of Media and Communications at the School of Media, Arts and Design, University of Westminster. http://www.theory.org.uk/david/

See Objects of Desire, on Longing by Susan Stewart. Duke University Press 1993.

Another GRC…

Another GRC past, and I realised that my time is running fast, hopefully I could catch up with it. GRC went well, apart from the amount of work I need to cope with in 6 month period time.

I need to continue reading, the more the better and keep on writing and make some mark and point in my research. I have to explicitly articulate my argument in my research. I come to realised that this research is not so much about Malaysian Identity, it is more about the image and visual representation of it, and how it create the perceptions?

Clearly design plays significant roles in these process. But what is it and how does it plays the roles is an interesting areas to investigate as what I’m researching now. It is fascinating to discover some things in this research. I’m discovering another Malaysia, its representations of identity and designer’s roles in this. I asked these questions in my GRC and would be nice to hear some thought about it.

Can it be said that part of designer roles is also capturing the history and record it through their creation. Do designer deliberately re-use this elements of history to modify, and provide perception as a way to communicate with the audience? Can it be said the designers are partly responsible perpetuate the myth of national cultural identity?

Here’s an interesting quote that might give you some ideas about what I’m trying to say up there:

Advertising and design have more in common than the postmodern trend for vernacularism (or the anesthetization of timeworn artifacts) reveals. Advertising and graphic design are equally concerned with selling, communication and entertaining. To appreciate one, the other is imperative. But more important, if graphic design history does not expand to include advertising and other related studies, it will ultimately succumb to the dead-end thinking that will be the evitable consequence of being arrested in a state of continual adolescence.
Steven Heller, ˜Advertising the Mother of Graphic Design, from Eye, no.17. vol.5 summer 1995.

Look again and think a head…

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I was looking at some of my advertisement collections and try, again and again to analyzed it. I started with a formal lenses, then change the roles to communication designer’s and then to a researcher. It is an interesting process. I had experienced and I have to admit that I’m enjoying every minutes of this process.

It is shocking and frustrating to imagine that everyday we will have to face and sometimes we might consume, images and ton of information each time we walk on the street. Accompany by billboard and posters, nearly every second we turn our head around, we look and unconsciously we gather this information in our memory bank. At home or sometimes in the cafe or bar, adding to this process we have other media such as television, internet and radio surrounding us. Just imagine that! How do we as a consumer cope with this? Our brain must did an excellent job then, recording and remembering these images and recall it again to view, every time we look at other object and managed to recognized it.

Such scene that I just describe is a normal scenario in most of the main city in the world. What actually influences us in consuming material? Do we need them? Is it important to have them or just because be like them, and want to own them? Even if we are aware of if, we cannot say the we can escape from this scenario.

Who are the people that responsible in this process? Advertising, marketing, company, artist and obviously designers. I would say graphic designers, communication designers and interaction designers are not much less responsible that others. Now, in a global world, this scenario cannot be stop. Information is at our fingertip and amazingly easy. We, as a consumer actually play a significant roles in this as we continue consume the product, and therefore there is a market for the product.

I’m not saying that we should not buy anything, but would be good if we take our step in slow motion and think a head before some rhetoric visual and text in the advertisements influences our thought and desire. Just try and explore this process, please be aware that it can be dangerous (dangerous as you might end up using your credit card or use your saving), you might end up buying something at the end.

I’m very interested in this process, investigating the communication designer’s position in this, and how we contribute in shaping the lifestyles. Are we deliberately use the rhetoric of images to communicate? or we didn’t actually think about the impact we created? Well, clearly we managed to see the product or at least we manage to get the information in the market.

Advertising is the mother of graphic design, as how Steven Heller claims in the ‘Eye’ magazine 1994. Clearly that graphic designer contribute most of their work in advertisements, that because at that time, there was not that much job available for graphic designer. Some might be in the printing company as DTP artist, some might be at the hotel as display artist etc. Is graphic designer’s role is minor in the process of creating the visual?

“The history of advertising is more interested in how Marlboro cigarettes tested a variety of trade characters before stumbling on the Marlboro Man as a symbol of manliness. While graphic design appears negligible in the cultural analysis of this campaign, understanding the relationship of this symbol..to the larger mythology provides insight into how the American myth was perpetuated.”Heller, 1994.

So what do this mean, that graphic designer are part of creating these myth? I will take further investigation in my research….it is significant..

In the search of oneself, what is uniquely identity and what is identity?

People do not have a ˜real identity within themselves; it is just a way of talking about self, it is a discourse. An ˜identity is communicated to others in your interactions with them, but this is not fixed things within a person. It is shifting, temporary construction. Gauntlett, D. (1998) on Foucaults ideas of identity.

When a person search for identity, what are the things one should look for and how to look for it.

What are the differences between uniqueness and identity?

Meeting with Laurene May 2

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I had a discussion with Laurene today. As usual, this meeting starts with an explanation of what Ive been doing in my research. I line up things like reading the deconstructions theory from Derridas, essay of deconstruction in graphic design from Lupton and Miller, and work of deconstructionist such as Katherine Mc Coy, students of Academy of Arts and California Arts School. Then I show her my outcome from my readings, the poster I made out of my respond to the deconstructions idea and from my cultural understanding and experiences.

I then moved on to another project that Ive been working on which are the women magazine cover and the printed advertisements. Honestly, I been spending more time on the women magazine rather than spending time on the other part. I started with the printed advertisement but then left it on a side and started the analyzing the women magazine cover. For this analyzing methods I read again and again essays, papers or articles that have relation to Barthes theory on sign, signifier and signified. I want to understand how to analyze the meaning behind the printed material and the visual representation of it. I read Hall, S. papers and books on visual and cultural representations; I also did touch on Foucaults ideas on identity (See David Gaunlett 1998). It all seems like a patch works of my research. I also try to be friend with Babha, H. and some of the post colonialisms author, hoping to get deeper understanding and more familiar with the issues of nation and its relation in my research.

It started with this important question.

What are the differences between what is Malaysian and what is uniquely Malaysian?

What I need to do:

1. Look for British Vogue magazine and compare the cover design with the Malaysian Womens Magazine. (Anyone knows where to start?)
2. Make a diagram to trace/create narrative of my searching of Malaysian uniquely identity.
3. List down in anyways list of the things, or could be anything that is Malaysian to me.

Any thought on this?


Where do meaning comes from?

Every now and then, I’ll always come back to this blog to throw out some ideas. I’ve been doing a lots of reading, sometimes I understand what I read and other times it all seems vague to me. Of course no doubt they’re all interesting to read, regardless whether I could understand or not what the author tried to say. There’s few particularly who caught my attention. Stuart Hall, on cultural representation and meaning, is one of the very interesting readings at this time for me. The theories of representation and approaches explaining “how representation of meaning through language works” interest me very much. Questions like “Where do meaning comes from?” and “How can we tell the ‘true’ meaning of word and image?” take my thought away for a while.

The interesting parts of this is not so much about the object. It’s about the meaning and the representation of the meaning itself. Did you ever go out of your own ‘world’?. Our meaning of world are very subjective, depending on where we come from, experiences we have, and education we get. My meaning and understanding of world is so much different now than ten years ago. I spent 27 years in Malaysia and half of my age in Penang. That’s my world. People, culture, languages, food, religions and the way of life are part of my world. I’m not saying that we are not connected to other world. We watch TV’s, listen to radio, we have overseas magazines and books, we watch movies at the cinema, etc. All this doesn’t really give much meaning to me. It’s stereotyping my meaning of other world if I could say that. I would look at others that are not part of my world as western world.

Until I travelled far, far out of my ‘world’ and tried to get to the other world then this particular meaning of other ‘stereotype world’, in my contexts is the western world started to change. Meaning comes with the experiences and understanding of the cultural practices behind it. It’s not only what you see visually but also the meaning behind it. I saw and read many overseas materials when I was in Malaysia. I imagined many different situations with it. But imagination is unlimited. It has led me to a dreamland. Until I feel, experience and taste it myself then it will become reality. Then the meaning changes. Perceptions and information exchange. How far can meaning and perceptions go with certain information? To what extend until it stops and gives another meanings? My meanings of the western world have changed through my feel, look, experiences and way of life.

Deconstruction extended..

It’s really interesting to look back a the history of Graphic design in Deconstruction. Sadly in my undergraduate, we did not covers any of this areas, yet we covers most of History of Fine Arts. Perhaps most of our lectures at that time are from the Fine Arts education background. I wonder, if we learn the history of Graphic Design as part of our curriculum in our undergraduates, will it change our design practices and thinking on Graphic design back in Malaysia? Hmmm…

Continuing on my process of understanding about deconstruction I came to understand that Jacques Derrida’s (a French philosopher) theories seems to be the backbones of the deconstruction process in design and architecture. ‘There’s nothing outside of the text’ (Derrida). He suggest the way the language depends on the play of differences between one word and another, while meaning itself is always deferred. The purpose of such devices was to prevent conceptual closure, or reduction of his texts to an ultimate meaning. All these ideas can be seen at work in post-modern Graphic Design and Derridean concepts such as ‘sous rature’ – the tactic of putting an idea under erasure’ by crossing it out, in order to alert the reader not to accept it at face value – have found their ways to into graphic practices. (Poynor 47:2002)

Here are some designers and authors ideas on deconstruction.

This is how deconstruction arrived in graphic Design. It started through Architecture – during MoMa ( Museum of Modern Arts) which was held an exhibition in 1988 and its catalog that probably did the most to introduce deconstruction to Graphic Designers. The exhibition curated by Philip Johnson with the assistance of Mark Wigley. What distinguished and linked their work argued Wigley, was a sensibility in which ‘the dream of pure form has been disturbed. Form has become contaminated’. Deconstructive architecture he explained does not dismantle buildings, rather it locates the inherent dilemmas within them, exposing the ‘symptoms of a impurity’. (Johnson & Wigley 10:1988)

The process of deconstructions in Graphic Design evolved in late 80’s to late 90’s. There are few discourses about the interpretations of the action taken of deconstruction in Graphic Design practices. Design Historian – Philip Meggs in ‘Deconstructing Typography’ 1990, defines deconstruction as ‘taking the integrated whole apart, or destroying the underlying order that holds a graphic design together. In the same year two graphic designers, Chuck Bryne and Martha Witte, published their definition on deconstruction in design on more critically aware sense of deconstuction’s root in theory. For Bryne and Witte the word refers to the breaking down something in order to ‘decode’ its parts in such a way that these act as ‘informers’ on the thing, or any assumptions or convictions we have regarding it. Their emphasis on deconstruction is simply taking things apart in the hope to make form and giving a new look in print media.

From my readings, I found that there’s two school of practices on deconstruction of Graphic Design, Cranbrook Academy of Art and California Institute of Arts (CalArt). Mc Coys (Katherine and Michael) describe the uses of theory at th academy as
“The emerging ideas emphasized the construction of meaning between the audience and the graphic design piece, a visual transaction that parallels verbal communication. Building on the linguistic theories of semantics but rejecting the faith in scientifically predictable transmission of meaning, these ideas began to have an impact on the students’ graphic work. (Cranbrook Arts Students’ Work, 1978)”

In a poster for Cranbrook graduate programme 1989, Katherine Mc Coy had used a series of Derridean oppositions theory – art/science, mythology/technology, purist/pruralist, vernacular/classic to structure the opposition around the spine.

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Jeffery Keedy – Fast Forward book spread, California Institutes of Arts, USA (1993)

‘We want to talk about graphic through our own medium – to articulate our own reflections graphically. Not as cultural theoreticians who have no clue about Font. ‘ – Manuel Krebs

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Elliott Earls – Typeface Family Poster (1995)

Process of understanding deconstruction.

I haven’t been writing for sometime in this blog. I’ve been busy gathering information about DECONSTRUCTION in Graphic Design for my research. The intention to look deeper in this area rise after my presentation in the group meeting. I thought why not, after I didn’t have enough knowledge about this.

Part of the proposal from the group to help in my research, is to look at my collections of advertisement and make a visual analysis out of it. Before I even go near deconstruction I was asking myself, what is visual analysis? So I read and read and read… I came around names like Ellen Lupton, Ric Poynor, some really interesting essay on reproductions of the productions by Althusser (recommended by Neal, thanks), the punk era, Reid the sex pistol graphic designer and more..I could go on. I have to admit I did enjoy digging in this areas under the umbrella of deconstruction. Now the visual analysis…where do I start?

Well, I thought after getting all sort of information from reading and visual inspired of deconstruction I should reconstruct something. I started with one of the add I have. I started with what I understand with the idea of deconstruction, which is to pull out different elements from the constructed adds and reconstruct it with my critical ideas. In other words is the action of putting theoretical text verbose and sought ways to simplify these ideas into graphic form. (Paynor, R. in No More Rules on deconstruction). In 1960’s, designers and artists used and scissored headlines from establishment newspapers and put an attempted to ‘detourne’ the media – to ‘turn it back on itself’ by applying its communications in new contexts.

As for the posters I created based of the Celcom add August 2007, and I have to admit it does have political response in it. Celcom add from my point of view contained an ethnic issues. The guy holding the flag seem Indian or Malay-Indian to me, of course for other people outside of Malaysia will argue the race of that person. Political issues – The questions are what’s the add is telling us and why chose a specific race as a leading person? In the background of the add there’s the youth..little children running following the leading, this contain an issues of nation building, are we creating an image of Malaysia for our future generation?

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Where are we heading?

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